These include hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy, mitral valve disease, and other conditions that cause congestive heart failure on the left side of the heart. The main causes of cardiogenic pulmonary edema are diseases that damage or weaken the muscle of the left ventricle (the main pumping chamber of the heart). These fluids are low in protein because they come from capillaries, which have small walls that let some fluid pass through them. When this happens, fluids leak out of the blood vessels and into the air spaces in the lungs. This happens when the left side of the heart isn't pumping well, so blood backs up into the lungs. Pulmonary edema that is caused by a problem with the heart is called cardiogenic pulmonary edema. Pulmonary edema in dogs is divided into two categories: cardiogenic and noncardiogenic causes. When this happens, it leads to ventilation-perfusion mismatching and hypoxemia (low blood oxygen levels). Pulmonary edema in dogs can happen due to increased hydrostatic pressure, decreased oncotic pressure, impaired lymphatic drainage, or increased vascular permeability. What causes the buildup of fluid in dogs' lungs? The fluid build-up makes it difficult for oxygen to be exchanged between the lungs and the bloodstream, leading to difficulty breathing. This fluid may accumulate in the air spaces, alveoli, or interstitium of the lungs. Fluid in dogs' lungs or pulmonary edema is the accumulation of fluid within the lungs at a rate faster than it can be removed.
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